| Features | |
| Also known as | Exogenous insulin |
| Blood pressure | Can indirectly affect blood pressure by altering blood glucose levels |
| Chemical name | Insulin |
| Dosage (medical) | Depends on the patient's insulin sensitivity, carbohydrate intake, and blood glucose level, typically ranges from 0.5 to 1 unit/kg per day |
| Dosage (sports) | Not recommended for non-medical use |
| Effects | Decreases blood glucose, increases cellular glucose uptake, promotes glycogen synthesis |
| Formula | C257H383N65O77S6 (for human insulin) |
| Half-life | Varies by type (Rapid-acting: 2-4 hours, Short-acting: 3-6 hours, Intermediate-acting: 12-18 hours, Long-acting: 20-24 hours) |
| Hepatotoxicity | No hepatotoxic effects known |
| Lab Test | Blood insulin levels, C-peptide test |
| Main action | Lowers blood glucose levels |
| Side effects | Hypoglycemia, weight gain, insulin resistance, allergic reactions |
| Storage conditions | Must be kept refrigerated (2-8 degrees Celsius), avoid freezing |
| Strength | 100 pct |
| Substance class | Hormone, peptide |
| Trade name | Humulin, Novolin, Lantus, among others |
| Use in sports | Misused for anabolic purposes |
| Water Retention | Can cause modest water retention |
| Manufacturer | Pharmaceutical |